Paronychia is a common bacterial infection affecting the skin around the nails. It often develops a few days after a minor skin injury, which allows bacteria to enter. The infection typically occurs along the edges of fingernails or toenails.
Paronychia can be superficial or deep. Superficial paronychia involves the skin around the nail edge, causing redness, swelling, and throbbing pain. Deep paronychia indicates advanced infection that has spread to the finger's tendon sheaths, making it hard to bend the finger. The area becomes swollen, painful, and whitish.
Treatment depends on the infection's severity. For superficial paronychia, soak the finger in warm salt water or a diluted antiseptic bath like Dakin's solution or transcutaneous Hexomedine. This softens the area to help drain pus. Once clean, apply 60° alcohol compresses for several hours. Consult a doctor if symptoms persist.
For advanced cases, surgery and antibiotics are essential. A healthcare provider will incise the wound to clean it thoroughly.
Untreated paronychia can spread to the phalanx bone, potentially requiring amputation.
Certain habits increase risk:
To prevent paronychia (also called whitlow), stop nail biting. Use scissors or clippers for cuticles instead of tearing. Wash hands frequently, wear gloves for gardening or DIY projects, and clean and dress even minor wounds to block bacteria.
